Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced MOS Devices (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)

Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced MOS Devices (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing), 9781402059094 (1402059094), Springer, 2007

The excess noise above the well-known thermal noise and shot noise that shows up at low frequencies, the so-called low-frequency noise (other names are 1/f noise or flicker noise), has raised questions for a long time and has now become more important than ever. The low-frequency noise generated in the electronic devices is a key problem in analog circuits and systems since it sets a limit on how small signals that can be detected and processed in the circuits. In the early 1990s, the metal-oxide-semiconductor fieldeffect- transistor (MOSFET) had a channel length of around 0.5 μm and was mainly used in digital electronics. The MOS transistor at that time had a conventional Si channel, SiO2 gate dielectrics and few advanced features. The tremendous improvements in CMOS performance during the last decade, resulting from continuous advances in the CMOS technology, have stimulated the recent explosion in information and communication technology. Nowadays, MOS transistors are not used only in digital applications but also in a wide range of analog circuits. The low-frequency noise in the CMOS devices has therefore emerged as an important concern. The rapid shrinking of the device dimensions (the smallest gate length is around 30 nm in 2006) is not only a challenging technological problem, the low-frequency noise also increases as the dimensions become smaller with fewer and fewer charge carriers in the active region of the device. It has even been predicted that low-frequency noise will be a problem in digital applications in a few years time.

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