Home | Amazing | Today | Tags | Publishers | Years | Search 
Solar Variability and Planetary Climates (Space Sciences Series of ISSI)

Buy

This book provides an updated overview of the processes determining the influence of solar forcing on climate. It discusses in particular the most recent developments regarding the role of aerosols in the climate system and the new insights that could be gained from the investigation of terrestrial climate analogues. The book’s structure mirrors that of the ISSI workshop held in Bern in June 2005.

With a global average irradiance of 342 W/m2, the Sun is by far the largest source of energy for planet Earth. In comparison, the internal energy produced by Earth itself is only about 0.087 W/m2 (Pollack et al., 1993), which in turn is 3.5 times larger than the 0.025 W/m2 of heat produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

About 31% (31 units) of the solar energy which arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by scattering from clouds, aerosols, and the Earth’s surface. Almost 20 units of solar radiation are absorbed in the atmosphere. The remaining 49 units are absorbed at the surface. Evaporation of water at the Earth’s surface consumes 23 units, and 7 units are transferred to the atmosphere by heat conduction. On balance 19 units are lost from the Earth’s surface as infrared radiation, however consisting of 114 going upward and 95 returning from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface (see also Rosenfeld, 2006). There is thus a sixfold recycling of energy. This is the greenhouse effect, established by the presence of water vapor and of other greenhouse gases, CO2, CH4, N2O, and CFCs, in the atmosphere. Due to human activities the latter have been increasing in the atmosphere, causing climate warming through an energy imbalance of 2.5–3 W/m2, more than 100 times larger than the heat released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels.

3ds Max at a Glance (At a Glance)
3ds Max at a Glance (At a Glance)
Take a Closer Look at 3ds Max

One look and you'll see that this 3ds Max book is different from all the others. It presents the core 3ds Max features in pages packed with striking graphics that perfectly illustrate the concepts. Each page is loaded with vivid, detailed explanations on crucial components, such as the 3ds Max...

Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards...
Data-Driven Marketing: The 15 Metrics Everyone in Marketing Should Know
Data-Driven Marketing: The 15 Metrics Everyone in Marketing Should Know

NAMED BEST MARKETING BOOK OF 2011 BY THE AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION

How organizations can deliver significant performance gains through strategic investment in marketing

In the new era of tight marketing budgets, no organization can continue to spend on marketing without knowing what's working and...


Accessing AutoCAD Architecture 2011
Accessing AutoCAD Architecture 2011

Accessing AutoCAD Architecture 2011, 9th edition, is a comprehensive presentation of the tools included in AutoCAD Architecture 2011. The format of the text includes the introduction of tools followed by an explanation of the options of the command and how it is used in the development of drawings. A tool access table is provided for...

Macromedia® Dreamweaver® MX Dynamic Applications: Advanced Training from the Source
Macromedia® Dreamweaver® MX Dynamic Applications: Advanced Training from the Source

As a designer himself, author Jeffrey Bardzell is keenly aware of the dilemma you're faced with today: With clients and users demanding more than the static, HTML pages that defined first-generation Web sites, you have no choice but to migrate to dynamic, service based sites. But that means a world of programming, servers,...

Project Management Checklists For Dummies
Project Management Checklists For Dummies

Your must-have tool for perfect project management

Want to take your career to the next level and be a master of planning, organising, motivating and controlling resources to meet your goals? This easy-to-use guide has you covered! Project Management Checklists For Dummies takes the intimidation out of project...

©2024 LearnIT (support@pdfchm.net) - Privacy Policy