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Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact (Weapons and Warfare)

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This volume traces the history of artillery and its place in society from the ancient world to the present. The term “artillery” is derived from the Latin ars, or artis, terms for “craft” that later evolved through the Old French atillier, meaning “to deck, adorn with care or arrange”; atil, meaning “decoration, armor or equipment”; and attillement, or “apparatus.” In 1268, Etienne Boileau defined an a rtillier as “a manufacturer of war engines, especially bows and offensive weapons.” Throughout the Middle Ages “artillery” remained a general term for all types of military equipment. According to Gillaume Guiart in the early fourteenth century, “Artillery is the waggon-train which by duke, count or king or by any earthly lord is loaded with quarrels for war, crossbows, darts, lances and shields of similar kind” (Contamine, 193).

By about 1500, the term “artillery” had reached its current meaning, describing the actual cannons themselves, as well as their ammunition, support equipment, and operating personnel. Deriving from the Greek word kanun and Latin canna, or “tube,” the word canones is found first in a document written in Italy in 1326. Antoine de Lalaing describes cannons in “the arsenal of Maximilian von Habsburg at Innsbruck” as pieces d’artillerie (ibid., 139). The word “cannon” was first used in France in 1339 and in England in 1378. Geoffrey Chaucer mentions cannons in his poems written between 1375 and 1400; “cannon” was more often used in France, with the term “gun” seeing more usage in England. The first English use of the word “gun” to describe a firearm was in 1339. Earlier forms were gunne, gone, and gunna, with possible etymological sources from Old Norse (Hall, 44).
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