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| The U.S. Air Force, like the other services, is transforming itself into a new type of force with capabilities appropriate for an emerging array of new threats. The Air Force roadmap for transformation, part of the U.S. Air Force Transformation Flight Plan, describes the desired new capabilities, and it is readily seen that advances in information science and technology (IS&T) underpin most of them. For example, the three main new capabilities are information superiority, precision targeting (or strike), and improved battlespace awareness. The first requires secure and survivable command and control systems; methods for sharing, tailoring, and distributing vast amounts of information; decision aids; and offensive and defensive cyber warfare. Precision strike implies the ability to place munitions with minimal error anyplace required to achieve a military objective, and also the ability to perform rapid damage assessment. And improved battlespace awareness requires the ability to fuse and convey information so that decision makers can fully understand the plan of action and its execution in real time and be able to rapidly assess and anticipate necessary changes to the plan.
In order to refocus its program of basic research in IS&T to better support these Air Force goals, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) asked the National Research Council to establish a committee charged with the following task:
The study will create a vision and plan for the IS&T-related programs within the AFOSR’s Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate. Based on the spectrum of Air Force IS&T needs and the context in which the Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate operates, the committee will do the following:
- Identify which of the Air Force’s IS&T needs seem to call for AFOSRsponsored R&D;
- Recommend a program of 6.1 research2 in IS&T that is not being done elsewhere (or is not readily applicable to Air Force situations) and that covers the most critical or broadly useful topics that fit within the purview of the Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate;
- Develop rough estimates of the funding needed to make credible progress in this program of IS&T-related research, with a prioritization that defines what could be adequately covered with flat funding, a 10 percent decrease, a 10 percent increase, and a 25 percent increase. Recommend how the directorate might transition from its current program to the envisioned one under these various budget scenarios; and
- Recommend an appropriate balance of funding mechanisms for the directorate’s IS&T-related research, choosing among the various mechanisms currently in use in the directorate.
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