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Education in Rwanda: Rebalancing Resources to Accelerate Post-Conflict Development and Poverty Reduction (World Bank Country Study)

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Ten years after the 1994 genocide in which an estimated 10 percent of the country’s population perished, Rwanda’s devastated education system is now back on its feet. Classrooms have been repaired and new ones built; teachers who fled the mayhem have been reintegrated into the teaching force; arrears in teacher pay have been cleared up; a Genocide Fund has been created specifically to assist orphans; the higher education system has been diversified; and new arrangements for student finance at the tertiary level have been introduced. These successes notwithstanding, the task of transforming the rapid recovery into sustained progress has only just begun. A priority will be to ensure that all Rwandan children are able to complete a full course of primary schooling of reasonable quality and that expansion at postprimary levels proceeds at a pace commensurate with the labor market’s capacity to absorb highly educated job seekers. Achieving these goals will require a rebalancing of public spending in favor of primary education—a shift that will call for continued heavy reliance on private financing at postprimary levels and reforms to reduce unit costs and student bursaries in public higher education. In addition, efforts must be made to direct public subsidies to the most vulnerable children, such as double orphans, so that they can afford to attend school. Policies to improve services delivery will also be critical to ensure that teacher deployment is consistent across schools according to the size of enrollments, that pedagogical materials are available in classrooms, and that instructional hours are increased, particularly in the first three grades, in combination with possible reforms in teacher recruitment practices. Progress will depend, too, on better supervision and incentives designed to encourage more effective classroom practices and so improve student flow and student learning throughout the system.
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Probabilistic Approaches to Robotic Perception (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics)
Probabilistic Approaches to Robotic Perception (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics)

This book tries to address the following questions: How should the uncertainty and incompleteness inherent to sensing the environment be represented and modelled in a way that will increase the autonomy of a robot? How should a robotic system perceive, infer, decide and act efficiently? These are two of the challenging questions robotics...

Pro Apache XML
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Recent years have seen tremendous acceptance of both XML and open source technologies
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Instant Oracle Database and PowerShell How-to
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Oracle and PowerShell will walk you through scripting a...


The Central Nervous System
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The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function, Fourth Edition continues the tradition of one of the most respected textbooks in clinical neuroscience by providing medical students the knowledge and understanding of neuroscience as a basis for clinical thinking. While remaining concise and easy to read, the text encourages...

Environmental Science Experiments (Facts on File Science Experiments)
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Most of the challenges facing the environment are due to the fact that the human population is straining the Earth's finite resources. Fortunately, preteens and teens are in a stage in life where they can embrace idealistic goals and get involved in causes that are important to them. Science teachers have the opportunity to empower their...

Advanced DC/AC Inverters: Applications in Renewable Energy (Power Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Energy, and Nanotechnology)
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DC/AC inversion technology is of vital importance for industrial applications, including electrical vehicles and renewable energy systems, which require a large number of inverters. In recent years, inversion technology has developed rapidly, with new topologies improving the power factor and increasing power efficiency. Proposing many novel...

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