| It is widely acknowledged that the cost of validation and testing comprises a significant percentage of the overall development costs for electronic systems today, and is expected to escalate sharply in the future. Many studies have shown that up to 70% of the design development time and resources are spent on functional verification. Functional errors manifest themselves very early in the design flow, and unless they are detected up front, they can result in severe consequences - both financially and from a safety viewpoint. Indeed, several recent instances of high-profile functional errors (e.g., the Pentium FDIV bug) have resulted in increased attention paid to verifying the functional correctness of designs. Recent efforts have proposed augmenting the traditional RTL simulation-based validation methodology with formal techniques in an attempt to uncover hard-to-find corner cases, with the goal of trying to reach RTL functional verification closure. However, what is often not highlighted is the fact that in spite of the tremendous time and effort put into such efforts at the RTL and lower levels of abstraction, the complexity of contemporary embedded systems makes it difficult to guarantee functional correctness at the system level under all possible operational scenarios.
In this book we present a top-down validation methodology for programmable embedded architectures that complements the existing bottom-up approaches. Our methodology leverages the system architect's knowledge about the behavior of the design through an architecture specification that serves as the initial golden reference model. Of course, the model itself should be validated to ensure that it conforms to the architect's intended behavior; we present validation techniques to ensure that the static and dynamic behaviors of the specified architecture are well formed. The validated specification is then used as a golden reference model for the ensuing phases of the design. |
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Multiplayer Game Programming w/CD (Prima Tech's Game Development)Multiplayer Game Programming is the first technical guide to enable you to write a complete Internet-ready video game using DirectX 8. The first part of the book covers the history of online gaming, the architecture of multiplayer games, basic networking, and an introduction to Visual C++ and Windows programming. After you cover the basics, you'll... | | Modern Soil Microbiology, Third Edition
The living soil is crucial to photosynthesis, biogeochemical cycles, global food production, climate change, biodiversity, and plant and animal health. In the past decade, scientists have made significant advances in soil microbiology research. While the basic principles are now better understood, knowledge has been forthcoming on... | | |
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