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Moritz Kaposi (born Moritz Kohn 1837, Kaposv´ar, Hungary; died 1902, Vienna)
succeeded his father-in-law, Ferdinand von Hibra (1816–1880) to become
one of the foremost dermatologists in the German-speaking world.
His remarkable clinical acumen is evident from his descriptions of systemic
lupus erythematosus (1869), idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the
skin (1872 Kaposi sarcoma), and xeroderma pigmentosum (1882). His name
change from Kohn to Kaposi (1871) reflects his professional ambitions to be
distinguished from the other Kohns working in the Vienna Medical Faculty
at the time. Although we now associate Kaposi sarcoma occurring in eastern
European and Mediterranean populations (classic Kaposi) with an indolent
disease, the cases first described by Kaposi had an aggressive clinical course,
including some with fatal systemic disease. Underlying illness (krankheit)
might have contributed to a more immunosuppressive state (Kaposi 1872).
From the 1940s onwards, various workers observed similar vascular tumours
in sub-Saharan Africa, including an aggressive lymphadenopathy in
children (endemic Kaposi) (Ackerman 1962; Oettle 1962). It remains to be
establishedwhether this lymphadenopathic disease inAfrican children represents
primary infectionwithKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).
In the 1970s, the introduction of organ transplantation with its related iatrogenic
immunosuppression resurrected this tumour as an important cause of
morbidity and even mortality (Penn 1979). The Italian dermatologist Giraldo
suggested in 1972 that herpesviruses could be involved in the pathogenesis
of Kaposi sarcoma, after they showed by electron microscopy herpes-type
viral particles in cells cultured from these tumours (Giraldo 1972). They
subsequently identified these virions as cytomegalovirus. |
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