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Selective Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Human Solid Cancer (Cancer Treatment and Research)

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Lymph node (LN) status is the most important prognostic indicator for the clinical outcome of patients in human solid cancer. Recent developments in sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept and technology have resulted in the application of this revolutionary approach to determine if cancer has metastasized to the regional nodal basin. The underlying thesis in solid cancer biology is that metastasis generally starts in an orderly progression, often spreading through the lymphatic channels to the SLNs, the first lymph node or nodes to receive the metastatic cancer cells. Thus, the logical approach is to harvest that specific SLN for thorough analysis. Because a tumor-free SLN is usually associated with a negative residual LN basin, a negative SLN is an excellent indication that micrometastasis has not occurred in the regional LNs. When the SLN is involved, it is unknown whether or not metastasis is limited only to the SLN or if the disease has spread to the remainder of the nodal basin. For this reason, if an SLN is positive, a complete LN dissection is recommended. Therefore, selective sentinel lymphadenectomy (SSL) should be considered as a staging procedure so that patients with negative SLNs (about 80%) may be spared an extensive LN dissection.
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