Cognitive spatial concepts are qualitative in nature, i.e., they are based not so much on exact quantities but on comparisons between perceived magnitudes. We develop a qualitative model for the representation of spatial knowledge (in particular, of positional information about 2-dimensional projections) that is based only on locative...

The purpose of this book is to teach fundamentals of programming concepts and skills needed for basic problem solving, all using MATLABW as the vehicle. MATLAB is a powerful software package that has built-in functions to accomplish a diverse range of tasks, from mathematical operations to three-dimensional imaging. Additionally,...

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From its inception in the 1930s, the rich and vigorous field of computer science has been concerned with the resources, both in time and in memory, needed to carry out a computation. A number of fundamental theorems were discovered that resorted to a worst-case analysis. The central question was whether a given algorithm could be...

The application framework of the presented research work is stablished in the area of the low-power portable stand-alone devices. Considering as a paradigm application the implementation of future portable terminals for telecommunications, two opposed trends coexist that determine the need for an optimized energy management. An...

One of the most important things an architect can do is reflection. That is, examine systems, organizations, people and ask “What alternatives were considered and why was that particular decision made?” Thinking about the response gives an architect insight into the motivations and decision processes that others have used...

Cryptography is a key technology in electronic security systems. Modern cryptograpic techniques have many uses, such as to digitally sign documents, for access control, to implement electronic money, and for copyright protection. Because of these important uses it is necessary that users be able to estimate the efficiency and security...

Crystallization from solution is a core technology in major sectors of the chemical process and allied industries. Crystals are produced in varying sizes ranging from as small as a few tens of nanometers to several millimetres or more, both as discrete particles and as structured agglomerates. Well- established examples include bulk...

Linear Programming deals with the problem of minimizing or maximizing a linear function in the presence of linear inequalities. Since the development of the simplex method by George B. Dantzig in 1947, linear programming has been extensively used in the military, industrial, governmental, and urban planning fields, among others. The...

Humans receive the great majority of information about their environment through sight, and at least 50% of the human brain is dedicated to vision. Vision is also a key component for building artificial systems that can perceive and understand their environment. Computer vision is likely to change society in many ways; for example, it...

You use word processors to write documents, Web browsers to explore the Internet, and email programs to send email. These are all examples of software that runs on computers. Software is developed using programming languages. There are many programming languages—so why Java? The answer is that Java enables...