Since the first part of the twentieth century, cybernetics and systems research have been developed as scientific disciplines. Investigations, launched in the area of cybernetics, previously dealt with control and information processing. In a more narrow sense, they consisted in the consideration of analogies of the control and the...

Anybody following the discussions around “Web Services” in recent years is aware of the fuzzy definition of the term, and a little bit of history can quite easily explain some of the confusions around current terminology (or use of terminology). The general idea of using Web technologies to not only deliver Web pages (HTML...

Neural Networks, Second Edition provides a complete introduction to neural networks. It describes what they are, what they can do, and how they do it. While some scientific background is assumed, the reader is not expected to have any prior knowledge of neural networks. These networks are explained and discussed by means of examples, so that...

The concept of fuzzy sets is one of the most fundamental and influential tools in computational intelligence. Fuzzy sets can provide solutions to a broad range of problems of control, pattern classification, reasoning, planning, and computer vision. This book bridges the gap that has developed between theory and practice. The authors explain...

The goal of this book is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of educational data mining (EDM). The primary goal of EDM is to use large-scale educational data sets to better understand learning and to provide information about the learning process. Although researchers have been studying human learning for over a...

The history of software development paradigms suggests that a new paradigm often has its genesis in programming languages and then moves up to design and analysis (e.g., structured programming preceded structured design and analysis, and objectoriented programming predated object-oriented design and modeling). This same pattern can...

Approximation methods are of vital importance in many challenging applications from computational science and engineering. This book collects papers from world experts in a broad variety of relevant applications of approximation theory, including pattern recognition and machine learning, multiscale modelling of fluid flow, metrology,...

Our interest in human–computer interaction started with our participation in the TT2 project (“Trans–Type-2”, 2002–2005—http://www.tt2.atosorigin.es), funded by the European Union (EU) and coordinated by Atos Origin, which dealt with the development of statistical-based technologies for computer...

Distributed with every copy of Python, the standard library contains hundreds of modules that provide tools for interacting with the operating system, interpreter, and Internet. All of them are tested and ready to be used to jump start the development of your applications. This book presents selected examples demonstrating how to use the most...

Scientists in the throes of research use an extensive data bank to access structural information on proteins and nucleic acids. Meanwhile, geneticists use a highly specialized form of software to analyze the hybridization pattern of DNA chips. The past decade has been tremendously successful for biotechnology and pharmaceutical...

While books and journals of high quality have proliferated in discrete and compu- tational geometry during recent years, there has been to date no single reference work fully accessible to the nonspecialist as well as to the specialist, covering all the major aspects of both fields. The Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry...

The phenomenal growth of the Internet has resulted in the availability of huge amounts of online information, a situation that is overwhelming to the end-user. To overcome this problem personalization technologies have been extensively employed across several domains to provide assistance in filtering, sorting, classifying and sharing...