Low-temperature electronics has already been studied for more than five decades . Originally the main interest was in fundamental material properties at cryogenic temperatures . Although the real benefits of operating semiconductor devices were clearly demonstrated in the 1970s, a peak in activity occurred a decade later when the cryocompute...

You don't have to be a genius to use Mac OS X Leopard. But if you want to get the very most out of it, put this savvy Portable Genius guide to work and start ramping up the pace. Want to discover Leopard's applications and utilities? Automate repetitive tasks? Use UNIX commands? Install Windows? You'll find cool and useful...

When learning and refi ning their skills, most photographers progress through three distinct phases. The fi rst stage occurs immediately after they get their fi rst “good” camera and begin discovering the potential of the medium. During this time, novice shooters photographically explore their world with a high level of...