Natural language processing is often called an "Al-complete" task, in the sense that in order to truly process language (i.e. to comprehend, to translate, to generate) full understanding is required, which is itself the ultimate goal of Artificial Intelligence. For those who seek solutions to practical problems, this is not a...

3D scene understanding and object recognition are among the grandest challenges in computer vision. A wide variety of techniques and goals, such as structure from motion, optical flow, stereo, edge detection, and segmentation, could be viewed as subtasks within scene understanding and recognition. Many of these applicable methods are...

Sexual difference in the brain has long been one of the more intriguing research areas in the field of neuroscience. This thorough and comprehensive text uncovers and explains recent neurobiological and molecular biological studies in the field of neuroscience as they relate to the mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation of the...

Years ago, I was at a conference where one of the most...

Non-photorealistic computer graphics is a multidisciplinary field in the research community, involving computer arts, computer graphics, computer vision, digital image/video processing and visual cognitive psychology. It aims at the computer generation of images and animations that are made in part “by hand” in appearance,...

This book suits both graduate students and researchers with a focus on discovering knowledge from scientific data. The use of computational power for data analysis and knowledge discovery in scientific disciplines has found its roots with the revolution of high-performance computing systems. Computational science in physics,...

The International Symposium on Smart Graphics serves as a scientific forum that attracts researchers and practitioners from the fields of computer graphics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, human–computer interaction, interface design, and information visualization. Initiated by Andreas Butz, Antonio Kr¨uger, and...

The 14th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, HCI International 2011, was held in Orlando, Florida, USA, July 9–14, 2011, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2011, the 9th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 6th International Conference on...

A constraint is a restriction on a space of possibilities; it is a piece of knowledge that narrows the scope of this space. Because constraints arise naturally in most areas of human endeavor, they are the most general means for formulating regularities that govern our computational, physical, biological, and social worlds. Some...

In my position at IBM, I regularly brief executives, managers, and computer professionals on data mining and neural network technology. In my briefings, I cover the fundamentals of data mining and neural networks, and I also discuss specific applications relevant to the customers' businesses. Since time is usually limited, my goal...

Geospatial semantics (GEOS) is an emerging research area in the domain of geographic information science. It aims at exploring strategies, computational methods, and tools to support...