Humans receive the great majority of information about their environment through sight, and at least 50% of the human brain is dedicated to vision. Vision is also a key component for building artificial systems that can perceive and understand their environment. Computer vision is likely to change society in many ways; for example, it...

Progress in biology is dependent on the ability to observe, measure, and model the behavior of organisms at multiple levels of abstraction, from the microscopic to the macroscopic. There has been a tremendous growth recently in the techniques to probe the structure and workings of cellular and organ-level mechanisms. Significant advances have...

Don’t be fooled: Just because the Droid 2 is a smartphone doesn’t mean that it’s harboring some form of insidious intelligence. There’s no alien brain in the device. It isn’t going to take over the world, though it can intimidate you — that is, until you understand and accept that it’s your...

Together the book and CD-ROM form a learning system that provides both investigative studies and the visualization of complex processes. A didactic concept is undertaken for microelectronics, computer technology and communication engineering, which deals with the visualization of signals and processes in addition to graphical programming of...

For half a century, computer scientists have been working on systems for discovering lawful patterns in letters, numbers, words and images. The research has expanded into the computational study of the process of scientific discovery, producing such well-known AI programs as BACON and DENDRAL. However, autonomous discovery systems...

These days, any attempt to write a full-blown encyclopedia or dictionary of computer terminology would be an exercise in futility. New terms and buzzwords appear every day, and information technology fi elds overlap with so many other fi elds it can be hard to determine if a word is IT, telecommunications, or graphics arts, and so on....

In the last three decades, machine learning research and practice have focused on batch learning usually using small datasets. In batch learning, the whole training data is available to the algorithm, which outputs a decision model after processing the data eventually (or most of the times) multiple times. The rationale behind this...

This Seventh Edition of Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects is appearing near to the 50th anniversary of the founding of neurochemistry as a discipline. This seems an appropriate time to examine the progress of neurochemistry and of this book. To make this brief, we will look at only two topics, which may be...

Artificial Intelligence's long-term goal is to build the human level of artificial intelligence. AI was born 50 years ago, in the bumpy road has made encouraging progress, in particular, machine learning, data mining, computer vision, expert systems, natural language processing, planning, robotics and related applications have...