The analysis of experimental data is at heart of science from its beginnings. But it was the advent of digital computers in the second half of the 20th century that revolutionized scientific data analysis twofold: Tedious pencil and paper work could be successively transferred to the emerging software applications so sweat and tears...

The catecholamine dopamine (DA) plays a key role in the physiology of most vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. In addition to its role as a transmitter in the nervous system, it has a role in development. The relatively few DA neurons in the mammalian brain have important roles in many neural functions including fine motor integration,...

The human brain, the ultimate intelligent processor, can handle ambiguous and uncertain information adequately. The implementation of such a human-brain architecture and function is called "brainware". Brainware is a candidate for the new tool that will realize a human-friendly computer society. As one of the LSI implementations of...

Neural networks usually work adequately on small problems but can run into trouble when they are scaled up to problems involving large amounts of input data. Circuit Complexity and Neural Networks addresses the important question of how well neural networks scale - that is, how fast the computation time and number of neurons grow as the...