R is a high-level language and an environment for data analysis and graphics. The design of R was heavily influenced by two existing languages: Becker, Chambers and Wilks’ S and Sussman’s Scheme. The resulting language is very similar in appearance to S, but the underlying implementation and semantics are derived from Scheme. This...

Modernism ushered in some of the most exciting innovations in art and literature, from Fauvism, Cubism, and Dada, to the novels of James Joyce and Franz Kafka, to such provocative works as Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain." But Modernism also left many people puzzled in its wake. How can a routine bathroom fixture be considered a work...

In order to meet the miniaturization requirements of portable communication equipment, researchers have given much attention recently to compact microstrip antennas. Many related compact designs with broadband dual-frequency operation, dualpolarized radiation, circularly polarized radiation, and enhanced antenna gain have been reported. Many...

The deluge of data observed throughout research and industry has turned the analysis of the resulting information into the primary limiting factor for the rapid progress of science, engineering, and medicine. The field of visualization strives to tackle this data analysis challenge by devising visual representations that afford users an...

This textbook covers both fundamentals and advanced topics in computer-based recognition of objects in scenes. It is intended to be both a text and a reference. Almost every chapter has a “Fundamentals” section which is pedagogically structured as a textbook, and a “Topics” section which includes extensive references...

Since the early 1990s, genetic programming (GP)-a discipline whose goal is to enable the automatic generation of computer programs-has emerged as one of the most promising paradigms for fast, productive software development. GP combines biological metaphors gleaned from Darwin's theory of evolution with computer-science approaches drawn...

Soft computing has been a major field of development in the previous couple of decades. The field attracts the attention of a large number of people. The highly multidisciplinary nature of the field further results in a large number of students studying soft computing. The various developments in application areas of soft computing in the...

Originating from the author's Ph.D. thesis, this monograph presents original own work....

The area of Neural computing that we shall discuss in this book represents a combination of techniques of classical optimization, statistics, and information theory. Neural network was once widely called artificial neural networks, which represented how the emerging technology was related to artificial intelligence. It once was a topic that...

This book is designed to give the reader a practical introduction to fluid simulation for graphics. The field of fluid dynamics, even just in animation, is vast and so not every topic will be covered, and many wonderful papers will sadly be passed over in the hope of distilling the essentials; this is far from a thorough survey. The...