Acid rain, ozone photochemistry, long-range transport of pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols dominated tropospheric air pollution research in the last 30 years of the 20^^ century. At the start of the 2V^ century, acid rain is subject to planned improvement in Europe and North America, but is a growing problem in Asia....

Complex environmental problems are often reduced to an inappropriate level of simplicity. While this book does not seek to present a comprehensive scientific and technical coverage of all aspects of the subject matter, it makes the issues, ideas, and language of environmental engineering accessible and understandable to the nontechnical...

In the decade since the publication of the first edition of “Explorations in Quantum Computing” the field has blossomed into a rich and diverse body of knowledge, and tremendous progress has been made on building functional quantum computer hardware. Yet I find that a discussion of applications of quantum computers still remains...

Soils long have been taken for granted being so commonplace and lacking often striking features. However, soil is one of the most complex media on Earth, vital for the biogeosphere and human civilization. With increased usage of soil for world food production, building materials, waste repositories, etc awareness has grown for the need of...

The aim of this book is to provide an introduction to the principles...

Iron is of fundamental importance to the growth, development and well-being of almost all living organisms. Multiple biological systems have evolved for the uptake, utilisation, storage, and homeostasis of iron in microbes, plants and mammals. Both iron deficiency and iron overload are found extensively in humans; the intimate links between...

Written in a step-by-step format, this practical guide begins with an introduction to...

The 57 revised full papers presented were carefully selected and reviewed for inclusion in the volume; also included are 14 invited presentations. All in...

Computer Science, or Informatics as it is often called in Europe, is viewed by many as being both a science and a technology. Clearly, its technological aspects are very much upon us on a day to day basis. Yet all other exact  sciences such as physics, biology or chemistry are also very present in ourdaily lives through the technologies...

Color is one of the most fascinating areas to study. Color forms an integral part of nature, and we humans are exposed to it every day. We all have an intuitive understanding of what color is, but by studying the underlying physics, chemistry, optics, and human visual perception, the true beauty and complexity of color can be...

At the beginning of our research we thought that a solution for the problem of...