Why should a Java developer learn about functional programming (FP)? After all, hasn’t functional programming been safely hidden in academia for decades? Isn’t objectoriented programming (OOP) all we really need? This book explains why functional programming has become an important tool for the challenges of our time and how...

A constraint is a restriction on a space of possibilities; it is a piece of knowledge that narrows the scope of this space. Because constraints arise naturally in most areas of human endeavor, they are the most general means for formulating regularities that govern our computational, physical, biological, and social worlds. Some...

I am excited to share my photographic knowledge of Yosemite National Park with all who seek it. In this book, I guide you to 29 of Yosemite’s most photogenic locations in alphabetical order. For each location, I tell you where the landmark is located, where to get the best image, when to get the best image, and what equipment...

Although this book focuses on the problems and potentials for electronic representations of the fundamental materials of document-based knowledge in literature, similar conditions obtain for representations of works in music, philosophy, history, the law, and religion. These fields find in paper documents the primary materials of...

This book is an attempt to bring together current research in the domain of interactive horizontal displays. The book integrates and summarises findings from the most important international tabletop research teams. It provides a state-of-the-art overview and allows for the discussion of emerging and future directions in research and...

Information technologies impact every aspect of accounting, including financial reporting, managerial accounting, auditing, and tax. The nature of the work done by accountants continues to evolve as these technologies advance. For example, less than 30 years ago, accountants could have spent much of their day footing ledgers and making...

In the early 1990s, the establishment of the Internet brought forth a revolutionary viewpoint of information storage, distribution, and processing: the World-Wide Web is becoming an enormous and expanding distributed digital library. Along with the development of the Web, image indexing and retrieval have grown into research areas...

Artificial neural networks, or simply called neural networks, refer to the various mathematical models of human brain functions such as perception, computation and memory. It is a fascinating scientific challenge of our time to understand how the human brain works. Modeling neural networks facilitates us in investigating the...

It is my pleasure and privilege to write the foreword for this book, whose results I have been following and awaiting for the last few years. This monograph represents the outcome of an ambitious project oriented towards advancing our knowledge of the way the human visual system processes images, and about the way it combines high...

There is probably no invention in the history of mankind that had such a profound impact on our lives in such a short time as the World Wide Web. Twenty years ago, Tim Berners-Lee has developed the first versions of HTML which allowed to weave documents into the large hypertext document that we know today. It was soon realized that...

Data management has evolved over the years from being strictly associated with database systems, through active databases, to being a topic that has grown beyond the scope of a single field encompassing multiple aspects: distributed systems, event-driven systems, and peer-to-peer and streaming systems. The present collection of works,...

Grid Computing was a vision of using and sharing computers and data in the early 1990s. The integration, coordination, and sharing of computer resources which are geographically disperse among different physical domains and organizations became an every day reality. This emerging infrastructure aims to provide a mechanism for sharing...