The author also...

This book is really the end product of over a decade of work, on and off, on diagrammatic reasoning in artificial intelligence (AI). In developing this book, I drew inspiration from a variety of sources: two experimental studies, the development of two prototype systems, an extensive literature review and analysis in AI,...

First, note that I have used Zen in the title of this book. I have been asked many times why I used such an esoteric term. After all, what is the meaning of Zen? To clarify the meaning of Zen, we must examine the philosophical environment that gave rise to Zen: Indian and Chinese philosophies. In India, Buddhism arose out of a Hindu...

During the past decade, technology has become more pervasive, encroaching more and more on our lives. Computers, cell phones, and the internet have an enormous influence not only on how we function at work, but also on how we communicate and interact outside the office. Researchers have been documenting the effect that these types of...

Non-photorealistic computer graphics is a multidisciplinary field in the research community, involving computer arts, computer graphics, computer vision, digital image/video processing and visual cognitive psychology. It aims at the computer generation of images and animations that are made in part “by hand” in appearance,...

Human computation is a new and evolving research area that centers around harnessing human intelligence to solve computational problems that are beyond the scope of existing Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. With the growth of the Web, human computation systems can now leverage the abilities of an unprecedented number of people via the...

The 14th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, HCI International 2011, was held in Orlando, Florida, USA, July 9–14, 2011, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2011, the 9th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 6th International Conference on...

The 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITS 2010, continued the bi-annual series of top-flight international conferences on the use of advanced educational technologies that are adaptive to users or groups of users. These highly interdisciplinary conferences bring together researchers in the learning sciences,...

The 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITS 2010, continued the bi-annual series of top-flight international conferences on the use of advanced educational technologies that are adaptive to users or groups of users. These highly interdisciplinary conferences bring together researchers in the learning sciences,...

Machine audition is the field of the study of algorithms and systems for the automatic analysis and understanding of sound by machine. It plays an important role in many applications, such as automatic audio indexing for internet searching, robust speech recognition in un-controlled natural environment, untethered audio communication...

Although speech is the most natural form of communication between humans, most people find using speech to communicate with machines anything but natural. Drawing from psychology, human-computer interaction, linguistics, and communication theory, Practical Speech User Interface Design provides a comprehensive yet concise...

Gamification may be a new term, but the idea of using game-thinking and game mechanics to solve problems and engage audiences isn’t exactly new. The military has been using games and simulations for hundreds (if not thousands) of years, and the U.S. military has been a pioneer in the use of video games across branches. Three...