This book is about solving partial differential equations (PDEs) . Such equations are used to model a wide range of phenomena in virtually all fields of science and technology. In the last decade, the general availability of extremely powerful computers has shifted the focus in computational mathematics from simplified model problems...

The ultimate goal of computers is to help humans to solve problems. The solutions for such problems are typically programmed by experts, and the computers need only to follow the specified steps to solve the problem. However, the solution of some problems may be too difficult to be explicitly programmed. In such difficult cases,...

This book is an introduction to modern ideas in cryptology and how to employ these ideas. It includes the relevant material on number theory, probability, and abstract algebra, in addition to descriptions of ideas about algorithms and com plexity theory. Three somewhat different terms appear in the discussion of secure communications...

This volume contains the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2011). TACAS 2011 took place in Saarbr¨ucken, Germany, March 28–31, 2011, as part of the 14th European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS 2011), whose...

A constraint is a restriction on a space of possibilities; it is a piece of knowledge that narrows the scope of this space. Because constraints arise naturally in most areas of human endeavor, they are the most general means for formulating regularities that govern our computational, physical, biological, and social worlds. Some...

This monograph presents a framework for modelling, specifying and verifying systems composed of real-time discrete event processes. A discrete event system consists of the plant (the object to be controlled) and a controller. For example, the plant might consist of machines, robots and conveyors on the factory floor. The objective of...

What do people learn when they do not know that they are learning? Until recently all of the work in the area of implicit learning focused on empirical questions and methods. In this book, Axel Cleeremans explores unintentional learning from an information-processing perspective. He introduces a theoretical framework that unifies existing...